Characteristics, application and development of carbon fiber
1. Characteristics and properties of carbon fiber
Carbon fiber materials are black, hard, high strength, light weight and other new materials with excellent mechanical properties. Its specific gravity is less than 1/4 of steel. The tensile strength of carbon fiber resin composite materials is usually above 35000MPa, 7.9 times that of steel. The tensile modulus of elasticity is between 230000MPa and 430000MPa. Therefore, the specific strength of CFRP, that is, the ratio of the strength of the material to its density, is above 20000MPa/(g/cm3), but the specific strength of A3 steel is 590MPa/(g/cm3) The specific elastic modulus is also higher than that of steel. The higher the specific strength of the material, the smaller the self-weight of the part, the higher the specific elastic modulus, the greater the rigidity of the part. In this sense, the broad application prospect of carbon fiber in engineering is illustrated. Looking at the excellent properties of many emerging composite materials, such as Polymer composite glass fiber material, metal-based composite materials, and ceramic-based composite materials, many experts predict that composite materials will enter the era of widespread material application from the age of steel.
PAN carbon fiber and fibreglass composite materials:
(1) Mechanical properties, lower density than metal, light weight; high modulus, high rigidity, high strength, high fatigue strength, excellent wear resistance and lubricity; excellent vibration attenuation;
(2) Small heat resistance, stability, thermal expansion coefficient, good dimensional stability, thermal conductivity; excellent heat resistance in inert gas;
(3) It belongs to a variety of conductive materials having electrical conductivity and electromagnetic wave shielding properties, and electrical conductivity and electromagnetic wave shielding properties. (4) It is excellent in X-ray transmittance, and an appropriate structure can be designed according to the purpose.
In 2007, Japan’s main Carbon fiber supplier Toray Co., Ltd. cooperated with Nissan Motor and other companies to develop cutting-edge materials using carbon fiber, which can greatly reduce the weight of the main parts of the car, such as the chassis. The new technology reduces the overall weight of the car by 10% and improves fuel consumption by 4% to 5%. In addition, the impact resistance is 1.5 times that of the conventional one. The manufacturers plan to bring the new technology to commercial vehicles in three years’ time. The new technology promises to speed up the switchover of steel-centric automotive raw materials against the backdrop of tougher fuel bill regulations to reduce greenhouse gases around the world
2.Application of carbon fiber
Carbon fiber is a general term for fibers with a carbon content of more than 90%, and is named for its high carbon content. Carbon fiber has various excellent properties of elemental carbon, such as small specific gravity, heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, chemical resistance and conductivity, etc. It has fiber entanglement and excellent mechanical properties. In particular, its specific strength and specific elastic modulus are high, and it can withstand a high temperature of 2000 under the condition of isolating oxygen. It is an important industrial fibreglass raw material and is suitable for strengthening composite materials, ablation materials, and heat insulation materials. This is a new material developed in the early 1960s and has now become an indispensable new material in modern society.
Among leisure products, the first application of PAN carbon fiber is the fishing rod. At present, the world’s annual output of carbon fiber fishing rods is about 12 million, and the amount of carbon fiber used is about 1,200 tons. The application of carbon fiber in golf clubs began in 1972. At present, the annual output of fibra de carbon golf clubs in the world is about 40 million bottles, and the amount of carbon fiber is equivalent to 2,000 tons. The application of tennis rackets started in 1974. Now, the world produced about 4.5 million carbon fiber rackets last year, and the use of carbon fiber requires about 500 tons. Among other things, carbon fiber is also widely used in skis, snow boats, ski sticks, baseball bats, road games, and marine sports.
Recognizing the lightweight, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties of carbon fiber, it is widely used in the aerospace industry. In the field of space flight, high-modulus carbon fibers have been used in artificial satellites due to their light weight (rigidity) and thermal conductivity of dimensional stability. In recent years, they have been used in communication satellites such as iridium.
The molding compound is mainly mixed into the thermoplastic resin in the form of glass fibre chopped strands, which has the effect of strengthening, anti-static and electromagnetic wave shielding, and is widely used in home appliances, office equipment, semiconductors and related fields.
3.Production status of carbon fiber products in my country
The production and use of carbon fiber in my country is still in the early stage. The production capacity of domestic carbon fiber accounts for only about 0.4% of the total output of high performance carbon fiber cloth in the world, and more than 90% of the domestic consumption depends on imports. The quality of PAN precursor has always been the bottleneck restricting the large-scale production of carbon fiber industry in my country. In addition, because carbon fiber has long been regarded as a strategic material, developed countries have been closed to the outside world. Therefore, industry experts believe that strengthening basic research is the foundation of innovation and the fundamental way to develop the domestic carbon fiber industry.
My country began to study carbon fiber from the 1960s to the 1970s, almost keeping pace with the world. After more than 30 years of hard work, Japan’s Toray Company has developed carbon fiber products close to the T300 level, but the output and quality cannot meet domestic demand, which is far from foreign countries. Compared with the international advanced level, the outstanding problems of domestic carbon fiber are low carbon fiber strength, poor uniformity and stability, and the development level is nearly 20 to 30 years behind that of advanced countries, and the production scale is small, technical equipment is backward, and production efficiency is poor.
At present, the world’s fibra de carbon pret production capacity is about 35,000 tons, and the annual demand in the Chinese market is about 6,500 tons. It is a large carbon fiber consumer. However, China’s carbon fiber output in 2007 was only about 200 tons, and mainly low-performance products. Most of the industry relies on imports, and the price is very expensive. For example, the standard T300 market lacks technical support with independent intellectual property rights, and domestic enterprises have not yet mastered the complete carbon fiber core technology. The quality, technology and production scale of carbon fiber in my country are very different from those in foreign countries. Among them, the high performance carbon fiber technology is monopolized and blocked by Japan and Western countries. Therefore, it takes a long process to realize the localization of carbon fiber. Due to the lack of market, there has been a “carbon fiber fever” in China in recent years, and many scientific research institutes and enterprises have started carbon fiber research and thousand-ton industrialization projects.
#Carbon fiber materials#Polymer composite glass fiber material#Carbon fiber supplier #glass fibre chopped strands#high performance carbon fiber cloth
Post time: Oct-27-2022